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{\title Produktivkraft Vandalismus}{\author zack}{\operator wortschatz}{\creatim\yr2005\mo5\dy24\hr8\min56}{\revtim\yr2005\mo5\dy27\hr17\min14}{\version73}{\edmins0}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords3339}{\nofchars17530}{\*\company .}{\nofcharsws20798}{\vern16437}}
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\b\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\insrsid8996805 Vandalism as a Productive Force}{\insrsid7690078 
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \i\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid2688835 Michael Zinganel

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid2688835 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14496146 \b\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid8996805 
Splittings und Cutt}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805\charrsid8996805 ings \endash  The Art of Vandalism}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805\charrsid14496146 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805 In 1974 }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805\charrsid8996805 artist Gordon Matta-Clark }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805 used a precise cut to }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805\charrsid8996805 split}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805  a suburban single family house in New York in two pieces. }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6191581  In a \'93dramatic\'94 act in }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805 1976 he cut }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6191581 circular cone-shaped openings through two condemned buildings \endash  in the immediate vicinity of the nearly completed Centre Pompidou in Paris. }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid8996805\charrsid8996805 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14496146\charrsid2688835 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14496146 A series of subtle interventions preceeded t}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14496146\charrsid14496146 hese much published and discussed works of the artist}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14496146 : since 1972 Matta-Clark had roamed the streets of New York searching for empty real estate in and on which he could carry out his artistic}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3801228  operations}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14496146 .}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3801228  For the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3801228\charrsid3801228 Bronx Floors}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3801228 , the 
first of these projects, he typically found a residential building in a run-down area of the Bronx. The first cuttings, in contrast to later projects, were of modest proportions: relatively small rectangles}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006 
; openings which didn\rquote t affect the building\rquote s structural integrity and which were not necessarily recognizable as artistic deeds.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14496146\charrsid14496146 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006\charrsid2688835 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006\charrsid5079006 The artist\rquote s roaming around the streets of New York with the }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006 intention of carrying out aesthetically motivated \'93attacks\'94
 on existing architecture can be seen as a form of \'93vandalism\'94 specifically aimed at empty buildings. The}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7224651  chosen}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006  buildings were, however,}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7224651  already on a list of buildings to be demolished, the \'93construction sites\'94 were cordoned off and }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9514486 the possible consequences of any}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7224651  cuttings exactly calculated.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9514486 In spite of this}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078 
 calculated risk}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4338781 , his work was successful due to the myth of appropriation.(1) }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4338781\charrsid4338781 This was in any case not illegitimate.}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4338781  Despite the buildings being empty, Matta-Clark\rquote s projects were always (with the exception}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9514486  of}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4338781 
 one) carried out with the owner\rquote s full consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12206095 (2) They }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15277406 seem}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12206095 , however, to }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15277406 have }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12206095 anticipate}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15277406 d other illegitimate appropriations}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4338781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15277406 whose formal appearances have remarkable similarities with Gordon Matta-Clark\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9907951 
s early work: when drug dealers annex empty apartments or buildings as one of their places of business, they cut openings in the walls and ceilings}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14974362 
 with exactly as little arbitrariness as Matta-Clark, only \endash  in these cases \endash  with function in mind.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6295511  In contrast to Gordon Matta-Clark\rquote 
s artistic interventions, those of the gangs are functional in nature and generally hidden: under rugs or linoleum flooring, in closets}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6184491 , behind ovens and refrigerators and so forth}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9514486 , }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6184491 according to }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid591806 Tim Vance from the Department of }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid591806\charrsid591806 
Housing, Preservation and Development in New York City}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid591806 .(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5079006\charrsid4338781 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid5079006 
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \i\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\b\i0\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid16534308 Real Crime

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\insrsid12865996\charrsid12865996 Drug gangs therefore set up}{\insrsid12865996  an entrance to}{
\insrsid12865996\charrsid12865996  an apartment in a building as an }{\insrsid12865996 \'93}{\insrsid12865996\charrsid12865996 official}{\insrsid12865996 \'94}{\insrsid12865996\charrsid12865996  entrance}{\insrsid12865996 , which }{\insrsid8785403 
is broken down upon}{\insrsid12865996  being reported to, or discovered by, the police.}{\insrsid8785403  They pretend to use only one apartment so that in case}{\insrsid12865996  a }{\insrsid8785403 police raid occurs, initially only this}{
\insrsid12865996  apartment has to be given up. But, according to Tim Vance, }{\insrsid8785403 
they create a system of connections through several empty apartments, perhaps through an entire apartment complex; they skip entire floors and go into neighboring buildings in order to create a variety of hideaways for drugs and money \endash 
 at the same time keeping open several escape routes in different directions. }{\insrsid12865996   }{\insrsid12865996\charrsid12865996 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16534308\charrsid2688835 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16534308\charrsid1966206 Before drug dealers}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1966206\charrsid1966206  settle}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1966206 
 into a building, however, they test it: they write graffiti in the hallways, }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16138048 wreak havoc on empty apartments, leave rubble behind and fill up bathtubs with garbage. If the graffiti isn\rquote 
t removed promptly or the devastated apartments cleaned and repaired, the new occupants }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5655720 know}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16138048  the building is either really empty, is }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5655720 not }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16138048 checked up on}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5655720 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16138048  or that the residents or owners aren
\rquote t concerned about it.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid5655720  If the }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16012958 residents are docile and the local administration inattentive, then the gangs move in, drive out the \'93better\'94
 tenants and take over the building \endash  room for room.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16534308\charrsid1966206 
\par }{\insrsid2240490\charrsid2240490 
\par These beehive-like interventions (in police jargon actually known as}{\insrsid2240490  \'93honeycomb architecture\'94
) have increased since the mid 1980s to a point where a task force has been created with the job of searching for hideouts, especially in impoverished urban areas plagued by crime, and then recapturing them}{\insrsid12127713\charrsid12127713  }{
\insrsid12127713 apartment by apartment}{\insrsid2240490  from the gangs. }{\insrsid2240490\charrsid2240490  
\par }{\insrsid10712231 
\par Officials know the drug trade cannot be prevented in this way}{\insrsid4343975 ;}{\insrsid10712231  dealers will settle in other buildings or, at best}{\insrsid4343975 , in other parts of the city. If}{\insrsid10712231 
 the struggle appears to be hopeless because crime gets the upper }{\insrsid4343975 hand, or the
re is no known demand for apartments within a particular block and occupancy levels sink below that which is economically acceptable, the ultimate solution is resorted to: the buildings will be blown up.}{\insrsid10712231  }{
\insrsid10712231\charrsid2240490 
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid2240490 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14384129\charrsid14384129 The Productive Forces of Vandalism}{\b\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4343975\charrsid14384129 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4343975\charrsid4343975 While vandalism is }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12856763 seen by some as a}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4343975\charrsid4343975  means and }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12856763\charrsid4343975 symbol}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4343975\charrsid4343975  of }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12856763 self-promotion and the appropriation of space}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14253598 , for others it is nothing more than}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12856763  a threatening sign of social decay.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16390164\charrsid16390164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16390164 This double functi}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14384129 on produces a spectrum of productive forces}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16390164  within urban society, of which the above-}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14253598 mentioned }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16390164 is }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14253598 only the most radical }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9115645 form}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16390164 .}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid4343975\charrsid4343975 
\par }{\insrsid14493121\charrsid14493121 Vandalism}{\insrsid14493121 , along with crime and other forms of deviation from normal behavior, }{\insrsid14493121\charrsid14493121 interrupts }{\insrsid14493121 \'93
the monotony and everyday security of middle-class life. It saves it from stagnation and gives rise to }{\insrsid10507535 an uneasy tension, without which even the thorn of competition would become dulled,\'94 Karl Marx wrote 150 }{\insrsid5665225 
years ago.(4) The fear }{\insrsid10507535 evoked through real or even imagined \'93crime\'94}{\insrsid14493121  }{\insrsid10507535 is not only portrayed in numerous}{\insrsid5665225  aesthetic productions}{\insrsid1393405  which serve the psychological }{
\insrsid5665225\charrsid15474159 coping with}{\insrsid1393405  of crime, }{\insrsid5665225 as for example the genre of}{\insrsid1393405  detective novel}{\insrsid5665225 s}{\insrsid1393405  or film}{\insrsid5665225 s}{\insrsid1393405 
, but also in countless preventative architectural and urban planning measures. }{\insrsid5665225 Alleged \'93crime\'94 opens up a considerable market, it contributes \endash  according to Karl Marx \endash  more to
 an increase in national wealth than some more respectable trades, and when \'93crime\'94 is in danger of disappearing it is then rediscovered: from those who profit from fear \endash  from the police, politicians}{\insrsid12845269 ,}{\insrsid5665225 
 and planners, from the construction, security}{\insrsid12845269 ,}{\insrsid5665225  and insurance industries}{\insrsid12845269  \endash  but also from artists, authors, and scientists, of which I am one, who have the focus of their \'93research projects
\'94 (or their publications) provided by this \'93industry.\'94(5) }{\insrsid5665225   }{\insrsid14493121\charrsid14493121 
\par }{\insrsid12845269 Vandalism can thus serve as the motor of urban perception. Buildings which have been attacked by vandals or \'93}{\insrsid12940746 decorated}{\insrsid12845269 \'94 buildings and objects draw attention to themselves and evoke speculation
}{\insrsid12940746  as to who the culprits are, where they are, why they did what they did, and so on.}{\insrsid10581522  Suspicion of this nature is usually cast in the direction of areas where the poor, unemployed, and immigrants live.}{
\insrsid12940746  }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid14493121  
\par }{\insrsid7358663\charrsid7358663 In addition, vandalism in}{\insrsid7358663  \'93homeopathic\'94 doses}{\insrsid5835510 , like al
l external attacks, can serve the establishment and strengthening of a community. It can bring strangers together for a time so that they can organize themselves against such attacks.(6) In his novel }{\i\insrsid5835510\charrsid13845314 Cocaine Nights}{
\insrsid5835510  J.G. Ballard describes the formation of such a community in a vacation area in southern Spain.}{\insrsid2688835  The motive for this is not political, but economic}{\insrsid5328997 : because the}{\insrsid1773568  community is }{
\insrsid5328997 lifeless}{\insrsid1773568 , consumer and leisure zones are not sufficiently used. It is not until the }{\insrsid5328997 management}{\insrsid1773568  }{\insrsid5328997 fabricates }{\insrsid1773568 traces of vandalism
, drug dealing, and prostitution}{\insrsid5328997  that the remains of middle-class community are brought back to life \endash  communication begins, activities are planned \endash 
 at first merely for their own protection and then in order to maintain contact. }{\insrsid5328997\charrsid5328997 The community becomes more attractive, new buyers show interest...(}{\insrsid14384129 7) In a wider}{\insrsid5328997  spatial context}{
\insrsid2688835\charrsid5328997  }{\insrsid5328997 vandalism can contribute to the formation of an \'93imagined community,\'94 an abstract community}{\insrsid10095948  of individuals who do not know each other personally, and who don\rquote t}{
\insrsid9378499  (only) }{\insrsid10095948 see themselves as direct victims of attacks, but who must pay for repairs through taxes and insurance premiums.}{\insrsid7358663\charrsid5328997 
\par }{\insrsid4066768\charrsid4066768 Vandalism in }{\insrsid4066768 \'93homeopathic\'94 doses can also be a desirable aspect of city marketing: on the one hand as a design factor for public spaces in municipalities which ha
ve to be offered as eerie zones next to clean office parks, consumer districts and residential areas}{\insrsid3885547  (seedy areas for the occasional breaking of rules, for relaxing and letting off steam: \'93fuse areas\'94
 as they are known in city management jargon)}{\insrsid12731000 .(8) Graffiti}{\insrsid6820789  is example of }{\insrsid12731000 one of the }{\insrsid6820789 essential symbols of a}{\insrsid12731000  big-city lifestyle}{\insrsid6820789 .}{\insrsid4465816 
(9) Vandalism in large doses, on the other hand, can lead to panic and migration: in the United States \endash  and to an increasing degree in Europe as well \endash  a philosophy of security has caug
ht on which has order as its central element instead of social policies.}{\insrsid4937346  It is assumed that elements of \'93disorder\'94}{\insrsid10882369  are symbols}{\insrsid4937346  of }{\insrsid10882369 decline within }{\insrsid4937346 a community}
{\insrsid10882369  which make \'93respectable\'94 residents uncertain to a po}{\insrsid8349936 int where they withdraw from}{\insrsid10882369  public v}{\insrsid8349936 iew or even move out of the neighborhood}{\insrsid10882369 , }{\insrsid8349936 
successively }{\insrsid10882369 leaving the streets}{\insrsid8349936  to the \'93others,\'94 the poor, the \'93criminals.\'94 When this phobia \endash  as in the United States \endash 
 is shared by a majority of the population then entire neighborhoods are genuine}{\insrsid3959660 ly}{\insrsid8349936  threatened by social }{\insrsid3959660 change}{\insrsid8349936  and}{\insrsid3959660 
 every element of disorder, however small, becomes another part of this overall decline.}{\insrsid8349936  }{\insrsid14424140 
The middle class flies to guarded enclaves in the suburbs which promise harmony, security, and secure investments, while the poor, unemployed, and homeless are left behind in inner city ghettos.}{\insrsid8349936  }{\insrsid4937346  }{
\insrsid8414304\charrsid4066768 
\par }{\insrsid12003810 Urban vandalism does not, however,}{\insrsid13790923  occur }{\insrsid12003810 exclusively }{\insrsid13790923 as an i}{\insrsid12003810 nitiative of those who are dominated}{\insrsid13790923  or marginalized}{\insrsid12003810  \endash 
 as a tactic used by the suppressed as a symbolic appropriation of space. Now and then vandalism is also initiated, or at least permitted, by dominant elements within society}{\insrsid11151360 . A}{\insrsid12003810 
s a strategy to produce fear, and as a calculated measure to create insecurity, vandalism serves to wear down and drive away stubborn}{\insrsid11151360  residents and tenants in 
order to empty out buildings or entire neighborhoods, to force frightened residents into new and supposedly safe housing, to reduce property values, and finally to launch new, more profitable projects on unoccupied, inexpensive territory.(10) These strate
gies can be supported by the media, for example when particular blocks are }{\insrsid9307134 deliberately}{\insrsid11151360  maligned as \'93gang areas.\'94}{\insrsid13790923\charrsid4066768 
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10972387 \b\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid15474159 
Anti-Vandal}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9399760\charrsid15474159 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9399760\charrsid9399760 
In Europe, though, as opposed to the United States}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9399760  \endash  despite current trends \endash  the notion still exists that the best way to further develop cities is by continuously increasing density.}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10972387  It is therefore important to stop the process of decay and at times find other uses for empty, but nonetheless intact buildings in order to economically recycle them.}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid9399760\charrsid9399760 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760 
\par }{\insrsid14424806 The firm ORBIS has specialized in}{\insrsid10972387  }{\insrsid14424806 the}{\insrsid10972387\charrsid10972387  protection of}{\insrsid10972387  }{\insrsid14424806 precisely }{\insrsid14552703 this}{\insrsid2650323  kind of}{
\insrsid14552703  }{\insrsid14552703\charrsid10972387 \'93}{\insrsid10972387 temporarily empty real estate\'94:
\par }{\insrsid14552703 \'93It\rquote s}{\insrsid10972387  more and more }{\insrsid14552703 common }{\insrsid10972387 that}{\insrsid14552703 
 real estate remains empty for a certain amount of time. A lack of capital, an unsolved question of ownership, or long-term renovation prevent a building or apartment from actually being used. During this period of temporary emptiness the }{
\insrsid14424806 properties}{\insrsid14552703  are often not protected }{\insrsid14424806 
or improperly so, and thus victims of criminals or negligence. Serious cases of vandalism are often the result, burglary/theft, illegal und unauthorized use, arson as well as accidents to children and youths looking for adventure.\'94(11)}{
\insrsid2650323 
\par 
\par The solution to the problem, according to }{\insrsid10562691 ORBIS,}{\insrsid2650323  is represented by their patented}{\insrsid10562691 ,}{\insrsid2650323  rentable Sitex Security System}{\insrsid10562691 , which does not detract from}{\insrsid2650323  }
{\insrsid10562691 the \'93professional appearance of a residential and office environment. In addition, walls, doors and windows are not damaged, and your real estate retains its value.\'94(12) }{\insrsid14424806  }{\insrsid14946732 
\par }{\insrsid10562691 Every opening in a building\rquote s walls }{\insrsid2959954 is}{\insrsid10562691  closed }{\insrsid2959954 up }{\insrsid14946732 with brown steel plating}{\insrsid10562691 , whic}{\insrsid14946732 h is}{\insrsid10562691 
 perforated, thus ensuring sufficient ventilation throughout the building.}{\insrsid2959954  Telescopic poles are placed inside the building and braced from wall to wall or floor to ceiling near windows and doors}{\insrsid14946732 
. These are then connected to the steel plating with }{\insrsid2976416\charrsid2976416 threaded rods}{\insrsid14946732\charrsid2976416  }{\insrsid14946732 or tied beams }{\insrsid2959954 in order to press the steel }{\insrsid14946732 
plating to the outside of door and window frames}{\insrsid2959954  }{\insrsid14946732 without having to fasten them directly to any parts of the building.}{\insrsid2959954     }{\insrsid10562691  }{\insrsid10562691\charrsid10972387 
\par }{\insrsid14946732 
\par In addition, ORBIS offers mobile self-powered alarm systems and video c}{\insrsid16544241 ameras on a rental basis, a control room manned twenty-four hours a day, and, together with Generali Lloyd, insurance for empty b
uildings fitted with the Sitex system. }{\insrsid14946732\charrsid10972387 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid15883573\charrsid15474159 
\par }{\insrsid15883573 Just as parts of empty buildings which have been torn down }{\insrsid7212012 can \'93survive\'94 }{\insrsid15883573 in the context of art }{\insrsid7212012 as works of art and valued artifacts, as for example Gordon Matta-Clark\rquote 
s and Kyong Park\rquote s (13) have, it is also possible to \'93market\'94 security and exclusion systems from Sitex in other critical systems of }{\insrsid15474159 discourse}{\insrsid7212012 . }{\insrsid6973397 At}{\insrsid15474159  the exhibition }{
\i\insrsid15474159\charrsid15474159 Gewalt ist der Rand aller Dinge}{\insrsid15474159  in January 2002 at the Generali Foundation in Vienna, the Berlin group }{\i\insrsid15474159\charrsid15880326 Freies Fach}{\insrsid15474159  used }{\insrsid6973397 
Sitex }{\insrsid15474159 constru}{\insrsid6973397 ction elements in order to divide}{\insrsid15474159  the exhibit}{\insrsid6973397 ion}{\insrsid15474159  space into a \'93stage\'94 and a \'93backstage.\'94(14)}{\insrsid6973397 
 Especially interesting in this situation is that Generali Insurance, as the art institute\rquote s sponsor, took a critical position concerning}{\insrsid15474159  }{\insrsid6973397 this }{\insrsid6973397\charrsid15880326 type of }{
\insrsid15880326\charrsid15880326 security }{\insrsid6973397\charrsid15880326 technology }{\insrsid6973397 in a cultural sense, while at the same time cooperating with Sitex in an economic context.}{\insrsid15883573  }{\insrsid15883573\charrsid10972387 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6973397\charrsid15880326 
\par }{\b\insrsid6973397\charrsid2502718 Vandalism and Economics
\par }{\insrsid6555652 In}{\insrsid1574585  }{\i\insrsid3435119\charrsid3435119 Notes about Productive Force}{\insrsid6555652\charrsid6555652  }{\insrsid6555652\charrsid1574585 Karl Marx }{\insrsid15880326 long ago }{\insrsid6555652\charrsid1574585 emphasized}
{\insrsid3435119  that capitalist society was}{\insrsid1574585  developed}{\insrsid3435119  to a point where}{\insrsid1574585  those individuals or groups which fought against it, which don\rquote t want to submit to it or that could
 no longer be integrated into it, even contribute}{\insrsid3435119 d}{\insrsid1574585  to a greater differentiation of productivity}{\insrsid1574585\charrsid1574585  }{\insrsid1574585 through their oppositional}{\insrsid1574585\charrsid1574585  }{
\insrsid1574585 behavior:}{\insrsid2892257  like the foundation of a drug treatment unit within municipal property management, the development of the Sitex Security System is an excellent indication of vandalism\rquote s productive}{\insrsid11479349 
 force \endash  not only with regard to differentiation within the security market, but also }{\insrsid3435119 to its exploitation }{\insrsid16020750 through}{\insrsid5458608  appropriation by}{\insrsid11479349  the }{\insrsid5458608 art world.}{
\insrsid1574585  }{\insrsid1574585\charrsid1574585  }{\insrsid6973397\charrsid1574585 
\par }{\insrsid2502718 
\par The creation of insecurity within the community through acts of vandalism, above all the resulting threat of a drop in real estate value}{\insrsid3090271 s}{\insrsid2502718 
, is without doubt one of the driving forces in the development of security systems. Vandalism as a herald of moral decay or threatening attacks by those \'93outside the law\'94 has }{\insrsid3090271 definitely}{\insrsid2502718 
 contributed to suburbanization, to the }{\insrsid3090271 flight of the middle class from urban areas}{\insrsid2502718 , to a fortification and militarization of private and public space.}{\insrsid2502718\charrsid1574585 
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid1574585 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760 Candy Man}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3435119\charrsid3435119 The horror film }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3435119\charrsid3435119 Candy Man}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3435119\charrsid3435119 (15) takes place in such a }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16020750\charrsid3435119 derelict}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3435119\charrsid3435119  urban area}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16020750  characterized by  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3435119  predominantly black residents}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16020750  who are mostly unemployed and nearly empty modernist residential blocks.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3435119\charrsid16020750 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid2389828 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2389828\charrsid2389828 The hero}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2389828 in}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2389828\charrsid2389828  of the film}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2389828 , Hel
}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240 en Lyle - }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2389828 a young scientist working on her dissertation in urban sociology at the University of Chicago}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240 , 
attempts to find out about the popular myth of the \'93candy man\'94: the spirit of a black man who was}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240\charrsid1715240  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240 tortured to death attempts to get its
 revenge on society by giving children candies laced with pieces of razor blades. This spirit supposedly lives in a labyrinth of rooms which, not visible from outside,}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2374005  }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240 spread}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2374005 s}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240  out like a beehive}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15170983  in a}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240  sixteen-story }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15170983 tower block at }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1715240 Cabrini Green}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15170983 , a crowded 
residential development }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426 with a nasty reputation }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15170983 in South Central Chicago}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815 Helen believes }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426 The Candy Man is just a }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3556332\charrsid3556332 projection}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815  of the }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426 resident\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815 s fear and frustration as they}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426 
 have l}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815 ittle chance finding a job, }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426 earn money dealing drugs}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15536426  and develop self-esteem through gang warfare. }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2389828\charrsid2389828 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815\charrsid3556332 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815\charrsid12933815 Helen is not content with interviewing residents within the safe confines of her university}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2315983  though;}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815\charrsid12933815  she }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815 physically forces her way into}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2315983  the spirit\rquote s realm by climbing into the
 empty apartment through an opening hidden behind a bathroom mirror in the }{\insrsid2315983\charrsid2315983 neighboring}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2315983  apartment, which is also empty. She penetrates his lair through a wide-open mouth
 spray-painted on the wall. }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid14493995 Right next to this opening she finds the candies containing pieces of razor blade that give the myth its name. From this point she then enters a series of rooms and connections 
bored through innumerable apartments. The further in she goes, the more brutal the destruction to the building becomes: The walls have large holes in them, the flooring is torn up. }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12933815\charrsid12933815 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12089961 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079 She comes across}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12089961\charrsid1906079  the spirit }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079\charrsid1906079 at the }{\insrsid1906079\charrsid1906079 center
}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079\charrsid1906079  of this labyrinth, who }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079 then }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079\charrsid1906079 takes control of her body in order to take his}
{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079  campaign of revenge against society beyond the ghetto \endash  all the way to the university. With her help he kills not only her friends but her teachers as well
, who are professors at the Chicago School of Sociology, the elite institute for urban sociology.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1906079\charrsid1906079  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid1906079  
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7627143 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7627143\charrsid7627143 In the end Helen sacrifices her }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7627143 body in a fire in order to put}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7627143\charrsid7627143 
 an end to the killing \endash  and }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6887093\charrsid7627143 afterward }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7627143\charrsid7627143 returns to the }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7627143 
residential development as her own myth.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7627143\charrsid7627143 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078 
\par }{\b\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid6555652\charrsid15880326 Dichotomies of the Urban View
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6555652\charrsid3556332 Candy Man}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6555652\charrsid6555652  is also a didactic look at contemporary urban perception: }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6555652 
during the introduction the camera shows a distant, analytical view of the city\rquote s streets from the perspective of a police helicopter. As Helen gets closer to}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15880326  the residential area in her car the
 camera drops down to half its previous height, opening up the social space while maintaining an overview. As soon as the heroin enters the development, though, the camera position drops to the ground \endash  in an eerie, uncontrollable space 
filled with myths.  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6555652  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid6555652\charrsid6555652 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid15880326 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15880326\charrsid15880326 Helen is neither a policewoman nor an urban planner}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15889883 . She has no ambition at all to reform the city or reduce it to a \'93concept.\'94 \'93
She wants to understand the mythical textures by entering their legends and fears. She has to make herself vulnerable, expose herself to horror\rquote s power, and while doing this,\'94 writes James Donald, \'93she is seduced from their irresistible
 powers.\'94(16)
\par This film\rquote s message appears to }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid16061117 refer to Michel de Certeau\rquote s thesis }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10102794 of a dual view of the city:(17) if we really deal with the 
everyday problems of the residents, get involved with local myths, then we run the danger of losing the analytical distance which makes visionary planning (and thinking) possible.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15889883  }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid15880326\charrsid15880326 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid15880326 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10102794\charrsid10102794 When we \endash  as a way of self-protection \endash  defend }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1976845 this}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10102794\charrsid10102794 
 perspective of analytical distance}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1976845 , when we }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10772498 for the most part dismiss the disturbing experiences and needs 
of those individuals who live in these developments, then it is much easier to think up new planning concepts. Then it is possible to compare Sitex\rquote s building fortification techniques with Gordon Matta-Clark\rquote 
s projects. Then it is possible to present projects of the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10772498\charrsid10772498 Freien Fach}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10772498 , who put elements for sealing up buildings in art exhibitions}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid789837  instead of those which open them up}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10772498 , as artistic \'93inversions\'94 of those of Gordon Matta-Clark\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid789837 
. And then it is even possible to view the results of the demolition or burning down of empty buildings as choreographed restructuring }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1523816 \endash }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid789837  }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1523816 all of them impressive aesthetic sensations}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12151025  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid1523816 which the added value of }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12151025 eeriness is attached to\'85}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid789837  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid10102794\charrsid10102794 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid10102794 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\insrsid3556332 Notes }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {\insrsid2915352 1\tab C}{\insrsid3556332 p}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 . Pamela M. Lee, }{
\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid12023224 Object to Be Destroyed. The Work of Gordon Matta-Clark}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768  }{\insrsid12023224 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 New York 1999}{\insrsid12023224 )}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid3556332 2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224\charrsid12023224 The single family house used in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224\charrsid12023224 Splitting}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224\charrsid12023224  (1974)}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224  was, for example, bought by gallery owners}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224\charrsid12023224  }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224 Holly a}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224\charrsid12023224 nd Horace Solomon}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12023224  solely for the purpose of deconstruction by the artist. cp. Ibid.
}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12023224\charrsid12023224 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336\charrsid12999336 3\tab Tim Vance is the director of the}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 
Department of Housing, Preservation and Development}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336 \rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  (HUD) }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336 drugs division}{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336\charrsid12999336  }{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336 in New York City, which was founded in 1988 with 20 officers}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 . }{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 Tim Vance, }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 How to Get Drug Enterprise out of Housing}{\insrsid12999336  (a}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768  Citizens Housing and Planning Council}{\insrsid12999336  advisory brochure)}{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768  }{\insrsid12999336 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 New York}{\insrsid12999336 ,}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768  1996}{\insrsid12999336 )}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid4066768 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2915352 C}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid12999336\charrsid12999336 p.}{\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760 
Eugenia Bone, }{\i\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Honeycomb Architecture}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760  }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336 (}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760 Cambridge}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336 ,}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760  1996}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336 )}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9399760 .
\par }{\insrsid12999336 4\tab Karl Marx, }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Theorien \'fcber den Mehrwert. Erster Teil}{\insrsid12999336 . }{\i\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels, Werke}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336\charrsid12999336 , }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 26.1, }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336 (}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Berlin}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336 ,}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  1985}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid12999336 )}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 , www.gutenberg2000.de/marx/abschwei.htm.
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 5\tab }{\insrsid9585680 For detailed views of the productive force of crime see}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 : Michael Zinganel, }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid9585680 Real Crime. Architektur, Stadt und Verbrechen}{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 , }{\insrsid9585680 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Wien}{\insrsid9585680 ,}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  2003}{\insrsid9585680 )}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 .
\par 6\tab Letzten Endes stellt auch eine B\'fcrgerwehr eine Form von Gemeinwesen dar, auch wenn man politisch andere Vorstellungen von Gemeinwesen haben mag.}{\insrsid7690078 
\par }{\insrsid9585680 Ultimately, a vigilance committee is also a community organization, even if politically one would like to have different ideas of what a community is.}{\insrsid9585680\charrsid12999336 
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 7\tab J. G. Ballard, }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid9585680 Cocaine Nights}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 , }{\insrsid9585680 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 London}{\insrsid9585680 ,}{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  1996}{\insrsid9585680 )}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 .
\par }{\insrsid2915352 8\tab C}{\insrsid14037030 p. Taner Oc und Steven Tiedell, }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Urban Design Approaches to Safer City Centers. The Fortress, the Panoptic, }{\insrsid14037030 the Regulatory and the Animated, }{
\insrsid14037030\charrsid12999336 John}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  Gold und George Revill, }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid14037030 Landscapes of Defence}{\i\insrsid14037030  }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  }{\insrsid14037030 (}{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 London}{\insrsid14037030 ,}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  2000}{\insrsid14037030 ), p. 198}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 .
\par 9\tab }{\insrsid8455581 In many cities \'93graffiti artists\'94 are invited to decorate surfaces placed at their disposal by municipal authorities, while others are pursued and punished by the legal system.}{\insrsid8455581\charrsid12999336 
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 10\tab }{\insrsid2915352 As Mike Davis (in Los Angeles) and Neil Smith (in New York) have explained. Cp. }{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336 Mike Davis, }{\i\insrsid2915352\charrsid2915352 
City of Quartz. Ausgrabungen der Zukunft in Los Angeles}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336  }{\insrsid2915352 (}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336 Berlin}{\insrsid2915352 ,}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336  1994}{\insrsid2915352 )}{
\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336 , und Neil Smith, }{\i\insrsid2915352\charrsid2915352 The New Urban Frontier, Gentrification and the Revanchist City}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336  }{\insrsid2915352 (}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336 
London und New York}{\insrsid2915352 ,}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336  1996}{\insrsid2915352 )}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid12999336 .}{\insrsid8455581 
\par }{\insrsid2915352 11\tab }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid2915352 Anti-Vand}{\insrsid2915352\charrsid2915352 al: Mietbare Eigentumssicherung}{\insrsid2915352  (Interview with the general manager of ORBIS Deutschland GmbH), }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid2915352 
An Architektur}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  }{\insrsid2915352 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 2, 2002}{\insrsid2915352 )}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 .
\par }{\insrsid2915352 12\tab }{\i\insrsid2915352\charrsid2915352 Ibid}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 .
\par }{\insrsid2915352 13\tab See also }{\i\insrsid2915352\charrsid2915352 House 24620}{\insrsid2915352  in this catalog}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 .
\par 14\tab }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid2915352 Die Gewalt ist der Rand aller Dinge. }{\i\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid2915352 Subjektverh\'e4ltnisse, politische Militanz und k\'fcnstlerische Vorgehensweisen}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid2915352\charrsid2915352 , ed.}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid2915352  by}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid2915352  }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid9533380 Alice Creischer a
nd Andreas Siekmann, exhibition catalog,}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid2915352  }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9533380 Generali Foundation, }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid9533380 (Vienna,}{
\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9533380  2002}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid9533380 )}{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid7690078\charrsid9533380 . 
\par }{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 15\tab }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid9533380 Candy Man}{\insrsid9533380 , directed by Bernhard Rose}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  }{\insrsid9533380 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 USA}{\insrsid9533380 ,}{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  1992}{\insrsid9533380 )}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 . 
\par 16\tab James Donald}{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid9533380 , Imagining the Modern City}{\insrsid9533380  (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 London}{\insrsid9533380 ,}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  1999}{\insrsid9533380 ), p}{
\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 . 70.
\par }{\insrsid3292545 17\tab Cp}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 . Michel de Certeau, }{\i\insrsid7690078\charrsid3292545 Die Kunst des Handelns}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  }{\insrsid3292545 (}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 Berlin}{\insrsid3292545 
,}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336  1988}{\insrsid3292545 ), p}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 . 179}{\insrsid3292545 .}{\insrsid7690078\charrsid12999336 
\par }{\insrsid3556332\charrsid12999336 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\insrsid3556332 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid3556332\charrsid2653613 Translated from the German by David Skogley
\par }{\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1031\langnp2057\insrsid2653613\charrsid2653613 20.748 Zeichen incl. Leerzeichen
\par }}